JavaScript 设计模式：单例、观察者和工厂模式的实现

            
let instance = null;

class Singleton {
  constructor() {
    if (!instance) {
      instance = this;
    }
    return instance;
  }

  static getInstance() {
    if (!instance) {
      instance = new Singleton();
    }
    return instance;
  }

  // Add your methods and properties here
  getData() {
    return "Singleton data";
  }
}

// Example Usage
const singleton1 = Singleton.getInstance();
const singleton2 = Singleton.getInstance();

console.log(singleton1 === singleton2); // Output: true
console.log(singleton1.getData()); // Output: Singleton data

            

              
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class Subject {
  constructor() {
    this.observers = [];
  }

  subscribe(observer) {
    this.observers.push(observer);
  }

  unsubscribe(observer) {
    this.observers = this.observers.filter(obs => obs !== observer);
  }

  notify(data) {
    this.observers.forEach(observer => observer.update(data));
  }
}

class Observer {
  constructor(name) {
    this.name = name;
  }

  update(data) {
    console.log(`${this.name} received update: ${data}`);
  }
}

// Example Usage
const subject = new Subject();

const observer1 = new Observer("Observer 1");
const observer2 = new Observer("Observer 2");

subject.subscribe(observer1);
subject.subscribe(observer2);

subject.notify("New data available!");

subject.unsubscribe(observer2);

subject.notify("Another update!");

            

              
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// Abstract Product
class Vehicle {
  constructor(model, year) {
    this.model = model;
    this.year = year;
  }

  getDescription() {
    return `This is a ${this.model} made in ${this.year}.`;
  }
}

// Concrete Products
class Car extends Vehicle {
  constructor(model, year) {
    super(model, year);
    this.type = "Car";
  }
}

class Truck extends Vehicle {
  constructor(model, year) {
    super(model, year);
    this.type = "Truck";
  }
  getDescription() {
      return `This is a ${this.type} ${this.model} made in ${this.year}. It's very strong!`;
  }
}

class Motorcycle extends Vehicle {
  constructor(model, year) {
    super(model, year);
    this.type = "Motorcycle";
  }
}

// Factory
class VehicleFactory {
  createVehicle(type, model, year) {
    switch (type) {
      case "car":
        return new Car(model, year);
      case "truck":
        return new Truck(model, year);
      case "motorcycle":
        return new Motorcycle(model, year);
      default:
        return null;
    }
  }
}

// Example Usage
const factory = new VehicleFactory();

const car = factory.createVehicle("car", "Toyota Camry", 2023);
const truck = factory.createVehicle("truck", "Ford F-150", 2022);
const motorcycle = factory.createVehicle("motorcycle", "Honda CBR", 2024);

console.log(car.getDescription()); // Output: This is a Toyota Camry made in 2023.
console.log(truck.getDescription()); // Output: This is a Truck Ford F-150 made in 2022. It's very strong!
console.log(motorcycle.getDescription()); // Output: This is a Honda CBR made in 2024.

            

              
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